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English Learning Notes
1. Original Text
Last summer, I went to Italy.
A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Every day I thought about postcards.
I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
2. Reference Translation
上个夏天，我去了意大利。
一个友好的服务员教了我几句意大利语。
每天我都在想明信片。
我一整天都待在房间里，但我没有写一张卡片!
3. New Words and Expressions
★send v. 寄, 送
- send sth. to sb. / send sb. sth. 给某人送(寄)东西
- take flowers to his wife 自己送
- send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送
★postcard n. 明信片
- 两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
- name card /visiting card 名片
- ID card 身份证
- cash card/储蓄卡/工资卡
★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏
- ① vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋
- The rain spoiled the school sports.
- ② vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱
- Don’t spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。
★museum n. 博物馆
★public adj. 公共的
- ① adj. 公共的，公众的，社会的
- There is a public library in this town.
- I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
- ② adj. 公开的，众人皆知的
- Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.
- ③ n. 公众，群众，大众
- The public is/are pleased with his explanation.
- The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
★friendly adj. 友好的
- friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作状语表人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
- He always greets me in a friendly way.
- 以-ly结尾的形容词还有lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly
★waiter n. 服务员, 招待员
- waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里chief waiter 领班
- shop assistant 商店里的店员
- attendant n. (其他公共场所的)服务员
★lend v. 借给
- lend to(借出)：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
- borrow from(借进)：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. (borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.)
- He borrowed my pen yesterday.
★decision n. 决定
- make /take a decision作出决定
- It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.
- make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大) decide v. 决定
★whole adj. 整个的
- a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
- the whole…，the whole day 整天，two whole weeks 整整两星期
- all the…，all the day (the可省略) 整天
- all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
- all of us；all of the students
★single adj. 唯一的, 单一的
- single adj. 唯一的, 单一的
- 反义词double 双倍的
4. Course Explanation
1. Last summer, I went to Italy.
- last：① adj. 上一个last summer
- ② adj. 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the
- the last day 最后一天 (具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on)
2. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
- Italian于Italy 注意重读音的位置不同
- teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事
- He teaches our English.(错)He teaches us English.(对)
- 语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
- I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
- a few可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of(一些，少数几个)的意思。
- The police would like to ask him a few questions.
3. Every day I thought about postcards.
- think about/of 考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of还可指想到
- What do you think of TV program last night?
- think over 仔细考虑，反复思考
- What’s the weather like today?
- cold, chilly(非常非常冷), freeze
- I’ll freeze.我要冻僵了
4. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
- spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花(时间)”、“度过”. spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间
- I spend three hours in the sea.
- I spend my weekend at my mother’s.
- I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
- spend还可以表示“花钱”
- I can’t spend any more on this car.
5. Key Structures
- 一般过去时
- 一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。
- Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?
- Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
6. Special Difficulties
- 直接宾语与间接宾语
- 双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾语前必须加“to”(表示动作对什么人做)或“for”(表示动作为什么人而做)。give sb. sth./give sth to sb
- 间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对……而言)或for(为……而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”，就用to
- 与to相连的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe
- take flowers to my wife.
- 与for相连的 buy, order, make, find
- I buy a book for you ./make a cake for you
- find sth. for sb./do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
- Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 帮我个忙
- Can I order something for you?
- Can I buy you a bottle of beer ?我请你喝杯酒的意思
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